Osteoarthritis is a complex condition characterized by both wear and tear of the cartilage and inflammation in the joint. In a healthy joint, the synovial tissue (the inner lining of the knee) plays a crucial role. This tissue produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint, absorbs shock and provides nutrients to the cartilage. The cartilage itself acts as a natural shock absorber.
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage is damaged and, as a result of the inflammation, the joint capsule does not function properly and produces lower quality joint fluid. This leads to:
In severe cases (grade 4 osteoarthritis), the bone ends in the knee may rub directly against each other, resulting in sounds such as grinding or clicking.
Although osteoarthritis is often associated with old age, there are other risk factors that may contribute, such as:
The symptoms of knee osteoarthritis vary depending on the severity and location of the wear and tear. Common symptoms include:
Patients often experience increasing pain with movements such as walking, climbing stairs and standing for long periods of time. Cycling, on the other hand, produces fewer symptoms in most cases.
Although osteoarthritis cannot be completely cured, there are several treatments available that can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life:
Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition that, without treatment, can significantly limit range of motion. Through a combination of lifestyle changes, physical therapy and innovative treatment methods, it is possible to effectively reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. When in doubt or if symptoms persist, it is wise to consult a specialist.
